In the script above, we again used the dot notation to create an object of the student class from the hello module. Nicholas = hello.Student( "Nicholas", "Computer Science") Now, open the file main.py and modify it as follows: import hello The method get_student_details() has also been defined within this, which prints the student details to the console. Two variables have been defined in this class, name and course.
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Here we have defined a class named Student. Print( "Your name is " + self.name + ".") Name = "Nicholas" # Defining a class class Student: def _init_( self, name, course): Open the hello.py file and modify it as follows: def my_function():
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Let's see how to do this in the next example. We stated earlier that we can define a class within a module. We have successfully invoked both the function and the variable defined in the module since we imported the whole module instead of just the my_function() function. Now, open the main.py file and modify it as follows: import hello # The variable that'll be used in other modules
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To demonstrate this, open the file hello.py and add the following code to it: def my_function(): We can define a variable within a module, which can then be used by other modules. You have to import the whole module or import each individual functions in order to use them. If you attempt to access any other function, an error will be generated. However, in the case where our hello module has multiple functions, the statement from hello import my_function will not import all hello's functions into our program, only my_function. In such a case, you don't have to use the dot notation to access the function, you can just call it directly. In the above example, the first line commands the Python interpreter to import a function named my_function from a module named hello.
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We could have done it as follows: from hello import my_function However, that is just one way of importing the module and invoking the function. This is called the "dot notation", which allows us to call the function by first specifying the module name, and then the name of the function. The name of the file was hello.py, hence the name of the imported module is hello.Īlso, note the syntax that we have used to invoke the function. Add the following code to the file: import hello Now, move to the same directory where you have saved the above file and create a new file named main.py. When invoked, this function should print the text "Hello World". It is true that we have created a function named my_function() within the code, but we have not called or invoked the function. This is because we have not told the program to do anything. If you run the above code, it will return nothing. Add the following code to the file: def my_function(): To do this, create a new Python file and save it as hello.py. Let us begin by creating a function that simply prints "Hello World".
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These can then be used in other Python programs. Inside the file, we can have definitions and implementations of classes, variables, or functions. The name of the file becomes the module name.
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Writing ModulesĪ module is simply a Python file with the. In this article, we will see how to create Python modules and how to use them in Python code. We can define this function in a module then import it into the various programs without having to copy its code each time. Suppose we have a function that is frequently used in different programs. With modules, code reusability becomes a reality. Modules help us break down large programs into small files that are more manageable. This differs from a package in that a package is a collection of modules in directories that give structure and hierarchy to the modules. For example, file.py, can be considered a module named file. In Python, a module is a self-contained file with Python statements and definitions.